A crucial meeting of the technical teams of the Joint Rivers Commission (JRC) of India and Bangladesh commenced in Kolkata on 6th March. This meeting is focusing on the Ganga Water Treaty, which is set for renewal in 2026. This upcoming meeting between India and Bangladesh is crucial for future water-sharing agreements. Bangladesh seeks a larger share of dry-season water, denoting severe shortages affecting agriculture. The backdrop includes rising tensions following political changes in Bangladesh and unresolved disputes over water-sharing, notably the Teesta river.
The Ganga Water Treaty : Ganga Water Treaty had been signed in 1996. The river Ganga has been a source of conflict between India and Bangladesh for decades. The Farakka Barrage was built to manage water flow but intensified disputes. The treaty established a framework for sharing water, recognising Bangladesh as a lower riparian state. It aims to balance the needs of both countries while addressing historical grievances.
The treaty maps specific water-sharing formulas based on the flow of the Ganga at the Farakka Barrage during the dry season. If water availability is 70,000 cusecs or less, both countries receive equal shares. The treaty also guarantees minimum water flow for both nations during critical periods. A Joint Rivers Commission was formed to oversee compliance and resolve disputes.
The upcoming discussions : Present discussions mark the 86th round of negotiations. Bangladesh has called for a more comprehensive approach, addressing all transboundary rivers. The Ganga Water Treaty is currently the only functional water-sharing agreement between the two countries. The outcome of these talks could influence future agreements on other rivers.
Further, there will be challenges due to climate change and shifting water flows. Experts warn that if the treaty expires without renewal, India may not feel obligated to share water. This could exacerbate existing tensions and impact the ecologically fragile Sundarbans delta. A more holistic and climate-resilient agreement is essential for sustainable water management.
River Ganga passes through diverse landscapes, forming delta before entering the Bay of Bengal. This region is ecologically vital, supporting diverse wildlife and human livelihoods. If there are changes in the water flow, that can have far-reaching implications for agriculture, fisheries, and biodiversity.